Achilles Tendinitis
Definition |
Causes |
Risk Factors |
Symptoms |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Prevention |
Organizations
Definition
Achilles tendinitis is inflammation and/or degeneration of the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.
Causes
The Achilles tendon can become irritated for several reasons including:
- Increasing your speed or running distance too quickly
- Suddenly adding strenuous hills or stair climbing to your exercise routine
- Doing too much too soon after taking time away from exercising
- A sudden or violent contraction of the calf muscles, such as during an all-out sprint
- Overuse injury
- Lack of flexibility of the calf muscles
Risk Factors
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
- Improper footwear
- Improper warm-up for your activity
- Inflexibility of the calf muscles
- Improper cool-down
Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
- Tenderness an inch and a half above the point where the Achilles tendon attaches to the heel bone (noticeable in the morning upon rising)
- Stiffness that gradually eases as the tendon is warmed-up
- Pain after activity that gradually worsens
- Radiating or localized pain along the tendon during and/or after running
- Swelling
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and exercise habits, and perform a physical exam.
Tests may include:
- X-rays - to see if there is calcium in the tendon
- MRI scan - to view areas of damage to the tendon
Treatment
Rest
Take a break from the activity that caused the tendinitis. Switch to an activity, such as swimming, that doesn't put stress on the tendon.
Orthoses
You may be advised to wear a heel pad or shoe insert that will place your foot in the correct position for walking and running.
Physical therapy
- Stretching
- Massage
- Ultrasound
- Strengthening exercises
Medications
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) to ease the pain and decrease inflammation
Prevention
To decrease your chances of getting Achilles tendinitis:
- Take the time to warm-up and cool-down properly.
- Wear appropriate footwear for your sport.
- Do not use shoes beyond the recommended duration. This will depend on:
- How frequently you exercise
- The surface on which you exercise
- The conditions in which you exercise
- Gradually add hill work, stairs, speed, and distance to your exercise routine.
- Stretch and strengthen the calf muscles regularly.
Organizations
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
http://www.aaos.org
SOURCES:
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Mayo Clinic Health Letter
Last reviewed June 2001 by Medical Review Board
