Barium Enema

A barium enema is a rectal injection of barium given to coat the lining of the colon and rectum. It is done before x-rays are taken in order to create better x-ray images. Barium is a milky fluid that absorbs x-rays.

Parts of the Body Involved

Colon and rectum

Reasons for Procedure

A barium enema is done to enhance x-ray images. X-rays are taken of the colon and/or rectum to look for the following:
  • Abnormal growths, such as polyps or cancers
  • Ulcers
  • Diverticula (small pouches protruding through the wall of the colon)
  • Thickening of the lining of the colon or rectum

Risk Factors for Complications during the Procedure

  • Allergy to the latex balloon on the tip of enema tube (rare).
  • Severe rectal inflammation. Patients with active colitis should not have a barium enema.
  • Pregnancy. X-rays of the abdomen and pelvis should never be done during pregnancy.

What to Expect

Prior to Procedure

Your intestines must be empty before this test. Therefore, the day before your test, do the following:
  • Eat a clear liquid diet
  • Take laxatives
  • Take warm water enemas
  • Do not eat or drink anything after midnight
During Procedure:
  • You will put on a hospital gown and lie on an x-ray table.
  • The room will be darkened during the test.
  • You will hold your breath when x-ray pictures are taken.
  • You will change positions.
  • The x-ray table will be tilted to different positions.
Anesthesia

Outcome

A radiologist will examine the x-rays. (In rare cases, if the x-rays are blurred, the test may have to be repeated.) Usually within a few days, your doctor will tell you the results. If results are abnormal, your doctor will recommend follow-up testing and treatment options.

Call Your Doctor If Any of the Following Occurs

  • Severe pain
  • Your doctor does not call with the results within 3-5 days