Conditions:
Brittle Nails
Related Terms
•
Onychoschizia, Onychorrhexis, Onychoschisis
Principal Proposed Treatments
•
BiotinOther Proposed Treatments
•
Calcium,
Cysteine, Gelatin-Containing Preparations,
Horsetail (Equisetum arvense),
Iron,
Vitamin A,
Zinc
Brittle fingernails are a common condition, occurring in about 20 % of people; more women than men develop brittle nails.1
Brittle nails usually break or peel off in horizontal layers, starting at the nail's free end. The term "brittle nails" can also refer to a condition in which lengthwise splits appear in the nail. In either case, the nail's structure is faulty.
Brittle nails may be caused by trauma to the nail, including repeated wetting and drying, repeated exposure to detergents and water, and excessive exposure to harsh solvents, such as those found in nail polish remover.2,3 If your nails are regularly exposed to such stresses, it may be worth trying protective gloves when washing dishes and doing other chores. In the case of nail polish remover, gentler, less toxic brands have recently become available. Check with retailers of natural cosmetic products.
Nail brittleness may also be caused by an underlying medical condition, such as Raynaud's disease, low thyroid function (hypothyroidism), or lung conditions.4,5 Other possible causes include skin diseases (psoriasis, lichen planus, alopecia areata) as well as endocrine disorders, tuberculosis, Sjgren's syndrome, and malnutrition.6Selenium poisoning can also cause brittle nails.7
Because of all these possibilities, it is important to rule out a serious underlying problem before trying nutritional or herbal treatments for brittle nails. If a medical cause for this condition is not found, it may be worth considering some of the following approaches.
Principal Proposed Treatments for Brittle Nails
Although no herb or supplement has been proven effective for brittle nails, there is some evidence that the B vitamin biotin might help.
Animal studies suggest that biotin supplementation can be helpful for deformed hooves in horses and pigs.8–12 Since animal hooves are made of keratin, the same substance from which human nails are made, these findings have encouraged researchers to study the effects of biotin on brittle nails in humans.
Preliminary evidence from a small controlled study suggests that biotin may increase the thickness of brittle nails, reduce their tendency to split, and improve their microscopic structure.13 To arrive at their results, the researchers used a scanning electron microscope to examine the effects of biotin in 8 women with brittle nails who were given 2.5 mg of biotin daily over 6- to 9-month periods. (An additional 24 individuals were also studied; 10 served as controls, and the other 14 were examined in a way that makes the interpretation of their results questionable.) Because all nail clippings were examined without the researchers being aware of whose clippings they were looking at, these results have some validity. However, the study was too small to allow definitive conclusions.
Two small open studies also reported benefits with biotin supplementation.14,15 However, because there was no control group in either study, the results can't be taken as reliable.
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full biotin article.
Other Proposed Treatments for Brittle Nails
A number of other nutritional therapies have been tried for brittle nails, including calcium, cysteine, gelatin-containing preparations, iron, vitamin A, and zinc. However, as of yet, there is no real evidence that any of these treatments work.16
The herb horsetail (Equisetum arvense) is also sometimes mentioned as a treatment for brittle nails, again without proof that it works. See the full article on horsetail for more information.
View References
Last reviewed March 2002 by Medical Review Board
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