Bruxism

Bruxism is the chronic, involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth. It usually occurs during sleep, but may also occur while awake.

Causes

The exact cause of Bruxism is unknown, but it is believed to be related to:
  • Stress and anxiety
  • Abnormal alignment of the teeth or jaws

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chances of getting a disease or condition.
  • Chronic stress or anxiety
  • Aggressive or competitive personality
  • Abuse of drugs or alcohol
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Age: 40 or younger
  • Family member with bruxism
  • Facial or oral trauma

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:
  • Grinding sounds during sleep
  • Teeth sensitive to heat, cold, or brushing
  • Tense facial or jaw muscles
  • Hairline cracking of the enamel on some teeth
  • Sore teeth
  • Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis)
  • Headache
  • Damage to the inside of the cheek (from biting or chewing)
  • Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)

Diagnosis

The doctor or dentist will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine your teeth and jaw. With Bruxism teeth will have flattened tips, excessive wear, or thin enamel

Treatment

Methods of treatment include:

Behavioral Treatment

This method focuses on changing behavior through various techniques, such as:
  • Biofeedback
  • Stress management
  • Relaxation therapy or exercises
Orthodontic Treatment

Your dentist may recommend a protective mouth appliance, such as a night guard, that can absorb the pressure of constant night grinding.

Medication Medication is only recommended for short-term use. Medications may include:

  • Muscle relaxants
  • Mild sleeping aids
Bruxism that is not treated may result in gum damage, loss of natural teeth, and jaw-related disorders.

Prevention

The same methods used to treat Bruxism can be used to help prevent it.