Food Poisoning

Food Poisoning is a disease that is carried or transmitted to humans by contaminated foods or beverages.

Causes

Food Poisoning is caused by substances in foods or beverages, including:
  • Bacteria
  • Poisons (toxins) produced by bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Amoeba
  • Chemicals

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
  • Poor hygiene
  • Lack of knowledge of safe food preparation
  • Weakened immune system, including during pregnancy
  • Age: Infants and elderly

Symptoms

After you consume the contaminated food or beverage, there is a delay before symptoms arise. This delay is called an incubation period and can last anywhere from hours to days. Symptoms include:
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Stomach pain
  • Bloody stools, bloody vomit
  • Fever, chills
  • Muscle aches and pains
  • Weakness

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. You may be asked to provide a sample of the stool or vomit for testing. If you have some of the food that you think made you sick, you may be asked to bring it in to be tested.

Treatment

Most types of Food Poisoning get better in 24 hours to 5 days. There aren't many treatments available to speed your recovery from Food Poisoning. Treatments include:
Fluids ? Drink plenty of fluids. If you are severely ill, you may need intravenous fluids.
Antibiotics ? Some types of bacterial food poisoning can be relieved with antibiotics.
Self-care - This includes the following:
  • Take acetaminophen for fever, aches and pains.
  • Place a hot-water bottle or heating pad on your stomach to help relieve abdominal pain.
  • Start by drinking only clear liquids or ice chips. Then try eating soft, bland foods, as you are able to eat without vomiting.
  • Avoid milk products for several days.
  • Check with your doctor before you use anti-diarrhea medications.
Anti-toxin ? If you have botulism poisoning, there is an anti-toxin you can take.

Prevention

To help prevent Food Poisoning:
  • Only eat and drink milk products that are pasteurized.
  • Wash your hands thoroughly before touching food.
  • Cook foods thoroughly.
  • Always rinse fresh fruits and vegetables before eating them, or peel away any skin or rind.
  • Be particularly careful when preparing chicken.
  • Never put cooked meat on a surface that previously had raw meat on it.
  • Use separate cutting boards for meats and other non-meat foods.
  • Don't prepare any recipes that use raw egg, or use powdered egg products in place of fresh egg.
  • Don't eat food that has been outside a refrigerator for more than two hours, or one hour in very hot weather.
  • Set your refrigerator temperature to below 40 degrees F.
  • If you home-can foods, follow sterilization directions carefully.
  • If you have a weakened immune system or are pregnant, don't eat raw shellfish, rare meat, or unpasteurized dairy products.
  • If you are traveling:
    • Drink bottled water, not tap water.
    • Don't order drinks with ice.
    • Only eat cooked fruits and vegetables rather than raw ones.
    • Don't eat food from street vendors.