Definition
Gilberts Syndrome is a common, benign genetic liver disorder. It causes levels of bilirubin to rise above normal levels. Bilirubin is a yellow chemical by-product of hemoglobin (the red pigment in blood cells) and is usually excreted by the liver into bile.
Gilberts Syndrome is found in 3-7% of the U.S. population. This condition usually occurs in the teen years or in early adulthood (ages 20-30).
Causes
Gilberts Syndrome is usually caused by an inherited genetic abnormality. Symptoms occur when there is an interference with the liver enzyme that disposes of bilirubin. This causes the levels of bilirubin to rise in the blood, which may produce symptoms such as jaundice.
Risk Factors
A risk factor is something that increases your chances of getting a disease
or condition. The risk factors for
Gilberts Syndrome are:
- Family members with Gilberts syndrome (people who have Gilberts syndrome
have a 50% chance of passing it on to each of their children)
- Sex: Male
Symptoms
Often, there are no symptoms of
Gilberts Syndrome. However, people who
do have symptoms may experience:
- Jaundice (yellowing) of the whites of the eyes
- Jaundice of the skin
- Abdominal pain
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue and weakness
- Darkening of the urine
Diagnosis
doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history and perform a
physical exam. Tests may include:
- CBC (complete blood count)
- Liver function tests
Blood tests are also done to rule out more serious liver diseases, such as
hepatitis. Sometimes a liver biopsy may also need to be done to rule out other
liver diseases.
Treatment
No treatment is necessary for Gilberts Syndrome. Usually, symptoms will disappear naturally.
Prevention
There is no way to prevent
Gilberts Syndrome. However, you may
decrease symptoms by avoiding the following:
- Skipping meals or fasting
- Dehydration
- Vigorous exercise
- Repeated bouts of vomiting
- Stress or trauma