Q & A: Health benefits of meditation

by Jackie Hart, MD

Q: Many people talk about the wonders of meditation. What are its true health benefits and is there scientific evidence to support its use?

A: There is a great deal of evidence to support the use of meditation, which is growing in popularity because of its physical as well as psychological benefits. According to surveys, approximately 25% of doctors recommend meditation as an excellent adjunct to medical care. This not only reflects doctors acceptance of this discipline steeped in ancient tradition, but also their knowledge of its value from scientific research and/or observation of successful use by their patients. Many physicians even have firsthand experience of meditating as a way to maintain their own health.

Most studies, including a recent trial from the well-respected University of California in San Francisco, conclude that meditation lacks side effects and is fairly inexpensive, and is therefore safe for people to try in addition to their usual medical care. Meditation is also easy to learn and can be a self-directed practice.

Specific benefits that have been documented in scientific journals include:
  • Reduction of anxiety and panic
  • Lessening of pain
  • Reduction of stress
  • Improvement in heart disease risk factors, such as lowered blood pressure and blood cholesterol
  • Less build-up in the blood vessels of the plaque that is characteristic of atherosclerosis and can ultimately lead to heart attack and stroke
Many studies evaluating meditation do so in conjunction with other healthful practices such as proper nutrition, exercise, and emotional expression through group support. Such "combination" studies can make it difficult to determine which of these factors is most important. However, it seems that without meditation and other forms of relaxation (e.g., yoga), people show much less improvement in heart disease and risk factors for heart disease even when they are eating properly and exercising.

Meditation is often a part of prayer or other spiritual disciplines that help people learn coping strategies as well as a change in perspective about life and about ones self. Researchers suggest that it is the quiet, reflective nature of such practices that may be responsible for health benefits seen in those who incorporate faith-based experiences into their daily lives (see my previous column: Spirituality and healing). Daily meditation, particularly in the context of spirituality, is thought to be of particular value for people with chronic illnesses and/or functional limitations, such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and multiple sclerosis.

Incorporating meditation into your life

Meditation combines physical, behavioral, psychological, and spiritual processes to affect health in a unique way, and therefore I often recommend it to my patients. Among those who have tried meditation, I hear two frequent complaints: (1) difficulty fitting it into an already busy schedule and (2) concern that they are "not meditating properly."

To find the time, identify meditation as a priority by deciding that this practice is important to your health. This choice alone will bring you closer to incorporating meditation into your daily routine. Next, write out and review your current daily schedule. There are bound to be times you spend doing certain activities that you could devote to meditating instead watching television, for example. Or, try waking up 15 minutes earlier to meditate first thing in the morning; this is a great way to begin the day. A very good friend, colleague, and teacher of meditation says "it is better to meditate for one minute each day than to not meditate for 60 minutes."

"Not meditating properly" is a common misconception there is no proper way to meditate. People often believe that to practice meditation the mind must be quiet, with only a blank screen or the repeated mantra (focal point) registering in the minds eye 100% of the time. Our minds are much too active for that to be the case. My meditation mentor told me that he considers a good meditation one in which his mind is quiet 50% of the time. This has eased my own concerns, and I pass this on to my patients who are interested in meditation. This understanding allows for more realistic expectations. To sit and meditate despite any outside noise, gently reminding your mind (without any judgment) to return to the focal point is the practice; in other words, it is the process that brings all of the benefits mentioned and more, not the achievement of total peace and nirvana.