Herniated Disk

A Herniated Disk happens when one of the disks in the spine bulges from its proper place. Disks are small circular cushions between the bones in the spine. They are soft and act as cushions for the bones of the spine. Herniated disks press on the nerves around the backbone and can cause severe pain. They are most common in the lower spine.

Causes

Herniated Disks can occur when disks dry out, become flatter and provide less cushioning. If they become too weak, the outer part may tear. The inside part may then push through the tear and press on the nerves next to it.

Causes

The cause of ovarian cancer is not known. However, research shows that certain risk factors are associated with the disease.

Symptoms

Symptoms include:
  • Pain – the severity and location of the pain depend upon which disk is herniated
    • Pain may spread over the buttocks, down the back of one thigh and into the calf
    • Pain may be in one or both legs
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs or feet
  • Sudden aching or twisted neck that cannot be straightened without severe pain
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in one or both arms
  • Bowel or bladder changes

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. The doctor will ask specific questions about the pain and examine the spine. The doctor will also test the movement and reflexes of the arms and legs.
Tests may include:
X-ray – a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the body, especially bones
CT Scan – a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the body
MRI Scan – a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the body
Discography – a test that involves injecting a dye into the center of the disc and then taking an x-ray
Electromyography – a test that measure the electrical activity of muscle by placing needle electrodes into the muscle
Myelography – a type of x-ray that uses dye to more clearly outline the space containing the spinal cord

Treatment

Treatments may include:
NSAIDs
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, may be prescribed to reduce pain.
Muscle Relaxants
Muscle relaxants may be prescribed to reduce muscle spasms.
Analgesics
Various types of analgesic medications may be prescribed, depending on the level of pain.
Steroid Injections
If medicine doesn't help, steroids may be injected into the backbone to reduce pain and inflammation.
Bed Rest
Bed rest for one or two days is often suggested for severe pain. You should lie on a firm mattress with your knees and hips partially bent. Your lower legs may be elevated on pillows or a wedge.
Back or Neck Massage and Physical Therapy
Back or neck massage and physical therapy can help:
  • Relax the neck or back muscles
  • Decrease pain
  • Increase strength and mobility
Hot or Cold Packs
Hot or cold packs help reduce pain and muscle spasms.
Stretching the Spine
A doctor or chiropractor can sometimes help reduce pain by stretching your spine.
Traction
Weights and pulleys may be used to relieve pressure on bones and muscles and keep them from moving.
Neck Collar or Brace
For a herniated disk in the neck, a neck collar or brace may be used to relieve muscle spasms.
Surgery
Surgery may be used for people who fail to respond to other treatments. Options include:
  • Laminectomy - removal of the protruding disk
  • Micro Diskectomy - removal of fragments of nucleated disk
  • Spinal Fusion - fusing of vertebrae (back bones) together with bone grafts or metal rods
  • Chemonucleolysis - injection of an enzyme into the herniated disk to dissolve the protruding part

Prevention

The following strategies may help you reduce your chance of having a Herniated Disk:
  • Practice good posture – standing and sitting straight, keeping your back straight when lifting.
  • Maintain a healthy weight.
  • Exercise regularly. Ask your doctor about exercises to strengthen your back and stomach.
  • Don't wear high-heeled shoes.
  • If you sit for long periods of time, use a stool to bring your knees above your hips.
  • Dont sleep on your stomach.