Mononucleosis

Mononucleosis is a viral disease characterized by fever, sore throat, headache and fatigue.

Causes

Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Found mainly in saliva and mucus, EBV is passed most efficiently from person to person by intimate behavior, such as kissing.

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
Most people contract EBV during their lifetime. Risk factors increasing the likelihood that EBV will develop into Mononucleosis include:
  • Contracting EBV after the age of 10
  • Lowered immune resistance, due to other illness, stress, or fatigue
  • Living in close quarters with a large number of people
Mononucleosis produces permanent immunity, so you cannot contract it twice.

Symptoms

Mononucleosis usually begins with a sense of general malaise that lasts about a week. This is followed by a set of symptoms, including:
  • High fever
  • Sore throat
  • Swelling of the lymph nodes
  • Fatigue
  • Loss of appetite
  • Muscle aches
  • Enlargement of the spleen
  • Swollen tonsils
  • Mild jaundice

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. Diagnosis is based on:
  • Your age
  • Four primary symptoms:
    • Fever
    • Swollen lymph nodes
    • Sore throat
    • Fatigue
  • Blood tests and mono spot tests
  • Throat culture (to check for strep throat, which can complicate mono)

Treatment

There is no treatment to cure Mononucleosis. It usually runs its course in 4-6 weeks, although the fatigue may linger.
Treatment includes:
Relief of Symptoms
  • Non-prescription pain relievers to lessen aches and pains and control fever
  • Gargling with warm, salty water to relieve sore throat
Comfort
  • Rest and fluids
  • No heavy lifting or exercise for at least one month after recovery

Prevention

Most people contract the EBV virus sometime during their lives. Prevention is geared toward not contracting the active infection, including:
  • Avoiding intimate contact (especially kissing) with anyone who has active Mononucleosis
  • Eating a healthful diet
  • Avoiding excess stress
  • Getting enough rest