Herbs & Supplements:
Motherwort
Leonurus cardiaca, Leonurus artemisia

Principal Proposed Uses
  • Irregular or Rapid Heartbeat
Other Proposed Uses
  • Uterine Stimulant, Uterine Relaxant

As its Latin name cardiaca suggests, motherwort has traditionally been used to treat heart conditions. The ancient Greeks and Romans employed the motherwort species cardiaca to treat heart palpitations as well as depression, which they considered a problem of the heart. Centuries later, Europeans would believe motherwort helpful for "infirmities of the heart" but also considered the herb to have strengthening and stimulating effects on the uterus, using it to bring on a delayed menstrual period, as an aid during labor, and to relax a woman's womb after childbirth.

These uses of motherwort correspond well with those in traditional Chinese medicine, which employs the Asian variety, Leonurus artemisia, to treat menstrual disorders or to help a woman expel a dead fetus and placenta from her womb.¹ In eastern China, women still drink a syrup made from motherwort to promote the recovery of the uterus after childbirth; the herb has a strong bitter taste, so visitors to a recovering mother often bring along sugar as a gift.²

What Is Motherwort Used for Today?

Germany's Commission E has authorized motherwort for the treatment of heart disorders caused by anxiety and stress, as well as part of an overall treatment plan for an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism).³ These two uses are linked by the fact that both stress and high levels of thyroid hormone can increase the heart rate.

As yet, there is no real evidence to support these applications; however, one test tube study found that motherwort slowed the beating of normal rat heart cells and inhibited the effects of substances that usually speed up heart cell contractions.⁴

Two test tube studies suggest that leonurine, a compound found in some species of motherwort, may affect the uterus.^5,6 One of these studies found that low concentrations of leonurine induced uterine contractions, but that higher concentrations inhibited contractions.⁷ These opposing effects might explain how motherwort could induce both labor and menstruation, and could also relax the uterus after childbirth. However, until properly designed human studies are performed, we don't know for sure whether motherwort is actually safe or effective for these traditional uses.

One poorly designed study suggests that motherwort might improve blood circulation.⁸ Another study of equally low quality suggests that motherwort might have some benefits for individuals who have had a stroke.⁹

One component of motherwort, ursolic acid, appears to possess antiviral and antitumor properties.^10,11 However, a highly preliminary animal study suggests that motherwort and/or various motherwort extracts can both inhibit or stimulate the growth of breast tumors.¹²

Dosage

The Commission E recommends a dose of 4.5 g of dried herb daily, or the equivalent.

Note: Irregular or rapid heartbeat can be a sign of serious medical illness. Do not self-treat these conditions with motherwort except under medical supervision. Also, do not combine motherwort with other heart medications, as they might interact unpredictably.

Safety Issues

The safety of motherwort has not been extensively studied; however, obvious side effects appear to be rare, except for occasional allergic reactions and gastrointestinal distress.

Because of the herb's traditional use for uterine stimulation and the corroborating results of some test tube studies,^13,14 motherwort should not be used by pregnant women until further scientific investigation has been performed.

In addition, preliminary animal evidence suggests that women with a history of breast cancer, or those at high risk for developing it, should avoid motherwort.¹⁵

Safety in young children, nursing women, or people with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established.

Last reviewed March 2002 by Medical Review Board

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