Otosclerosis

Otosclerosis occurs when abnormal new bone forms in the inner ear. This growth prevents proper functioning of other structures in the ear. This condition is a common cause of hearing loss.

Causes

The cause of Otosclerosis is still unknown. However, Otosclerosis tends to run in families, and may be hereditary. Otosclerosis has also been linked to hormonal changes and viral infections.

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
  • Age: Late teens through late 40s
  • Family history of otosclerosis
  • Sex: Female
  • Race: Caucasian or Asian
  • Drinking non-fluoridated water: Some studies suggest that non-fluoridated water may cause a susceptible person to develop otosclerosis
  • Pregnancy: may accelerate symptoms

Symptoms

Gradual hearing loss is the main symptom of otosclerosis. Hearing loss may be of two types:
  • Conductive – involving the small bones of the inner ear
  • Sensorineural – involving one of the following structures:
    • Brain
    • Nerve responsible for hearing, running between the inner ear and the brain
    • Cochlea – the sensory organ in the inner ear
Early in the disease, you may first notice trouble hearing low-pitched sounds or whispers. Other symptoms may include:
  • Dizziness
  • Balance problems
  • Tinnitus or sensation of ringing, roaring, or buzzing in the ear

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. Tests may include:
  • Hearing tests
  • CT scan – a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of the inside of the ear and head

Treatment

Treatment may include:
Hearing Aid
Hearing aids may be effective for conductive hearing loss.
Surgery
In certain cases, a procedure called a stapedectomy may improve hearing. The purpose of this operation is to replace the diseased bone with an artificial device that can transmit sound waves to the inner ear.
Oral Treatment
Fluoride tablets are sometimes prescribed to stabilize the condition and prevent further sensorineural hearing loss. This treatment remains controversial.

Prevention

Drinking fluoridated water may help prevent Otosclerosis in people who are susceptible. There are no other known ways of preventing this condition.