Pap Test

A diagnostic test of a sample of cells from the surface of a woman's cervix to check for abnormalities that can develop into cancer

Parts of the Body Involved

Vagina, cervix (the lower, narrow end of a woman's uterus)

Reasons for Procedure

To check cervical cells for:
  • Inflammation of the cervix
  • Infection of the cervix
  • Changes or abnormalities (cervical dysplasia) that could develop into cancer
Cervical cancer develops relatively slowly, so abnormalities detected early can be treated before cancer develops.

Risk Factors for Complications during the Procedure

None

What to Expect

Prior to Procedure:
  • Do not schedule the Pap test during your menstrual period, if possible, schedule it two weeks after the first day of your period
  • Do not use vaginal creams, medications, or douches for 72 hours before the test
  • Do not use contraceptives such as spermicidal foams, creams, or jellies for 72 hours before the test
  • Do not have intercourse for 24 hours before the test
Tell your doctor if any of the following is true:
  • You are having your period
  • You are pregnant
  • You had a previous Pap test showing abnormalities
  • You are sexually active
  • You have been exposed to HPV or other sexually transmitted diseases
  • You have had abnormal vaginal discharges or vaginal infections
  • You have had surgery, radiation treatment, or chemotherapy
  • You are taking birth control pills, hormone pills, or using hormone cream
During Procedure - A Pap test is typically done as part of a pelvic exam

Anesthesia

Outcome

Results of your Pap test are sent to your doctor within 2-3 weeks. Your doctor will then inform you of the results, and, if necessary, discuss any follow-up testing or treatment:
  • If cells are normal, no treatment is necessary. Have another Pap test with your next yearly pelvic exam.
  • If an infection is found, treatment will be prescribed.
  • If abnormalities are found, further tests will be performed. Once the cause of the abnormality is determined, your doctor will discuss treatment options with you. Further tests include:
    • Colposcopy - examination of the vagina and cervix with an endoscope, a fiber-optic tube attached to a viewing device
    • Biopsy - removal of a small amount of cervical tissue for further testing

Call Your Doctor If Any of the Following Occurs

  • Signs of infection, including fever and chills
  • Vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause
  • Bleeding after intercourse
  • Foul vaginal odor, pain, or unusual vaginal discharge
  • Severe abdominal pain or swelling