Peritonitis is an inflammation or infection of the peritoneum. The
peritoneum is a thin lining that covers the inside of the abdominal cavity. It
also covers the outside of the intestines and other abdominal organs.
There are several types:
- Primary
- Secondary
- Dialysis related
Peritonitis is a serious condition. It requires immediate treatment.
If not promptly treated, it may be fatal.
Causes
Primary peritonitis - occurs when there is a buildup of fluid in the
abdomen. This is called ascites. It is caused by chronic liver disease.
Secondary peritonitis - caused by bacteria that get into the abdomen. Can
be due to an injury or a condition, such as a ruptured appendix.
Dialysis-related peritonitis - caused by bacteria that get into the
peritoneum during or after dialysis, which is a treatment for kidney disease.
Risk Factors
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or
condition.
- Sex: Male
- Abdominal penetration or trauma
- Blood in the abdomen
- Ruptured appendix
- Peptic ulcer
- Colitis
- Diverticulitis
- Gangrene of the bowel
- Pancreatitis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Inflamed gallbladder
- Recent surgery
- Tubes or shunts in the abdomen
- Cortisone drugs
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a
physical exam. Tests may include:
- Blood tests
- Analysis of fluids from the peritoneum
- Abdominal x-rays to look for signs of inflammation
- Laparotomy – surgery to open and examine the abdomen
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause. It may include:
- Surgery to repair holes or remove damaged tissue
- Antibiotics to treat infection
- Replacement of fluids
Prevention
There are no guidelines for preventing peritonitis.