Pinworms

Pinworms are very common parasites that live in the intestine. Pinworms are most active at night, 2-3 hours after bedtime. The female worm comes out through the anus, and deposits eggs in the perineal area. The perineal area is between the thighs and runs from the anus to the genitals. Pinworms are visible to the naked eye. They are about the size of a staple, are yellow-white in color, and look like a fine piece of thread. They can survive for about two weeks on clothing or bedding.

Causes

Pinworm infection is caused by a small white worm called Enterobius vermicularis. Pinworms are spread by:
  • Accidentally eating the eggs of the worm
  • Skin contact with eggs on infected clothing, bedding, toys
  • Contact with stool of an infected person (e.g., diapers)

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
  • Age: 5-14 years old
  • Contact with an infected person (usually a child or family member of infected child)
  • Contact with contaminated clothing, bedding, or object
  • Regular exposure to schools, daycare centers, and other places where pinworm may be present

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:
  • Itchy perineal area
  • Disturbed sleep
  • Irritability

Diagnosis

To detect the presence of Pinworms: place a piece of clear adhesive tape over the anus, press, and remove. Repeat 2–3 times with new tape. Bring adhesive tape samples to the doctor, who will examine it for Pinworms. The best time to do this test is 2-3 hours after bedtime, or before bathing in the early morning.

Treatment

Pinworm infections are treated with prescription or over-the-counter medications. You should consult with your doctor to determine the most appropriate treatment. Medication will be given in two doses, two weeks apart. To avoid reinfection, all members of the family should be treated. After Treatment:
  • Change underwear, nightclothes, and sheets after each treatment.
  • Wash all bedding every 3-7 days for 3 weeks.
  • Wash underwear and pajamas daily for 2 weeks.
  • Wash all clothing and toys to destroy remaining eggs.

Prevention

To prevent pinworm infection:
  • lways wash hands thoroughly after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before eating.
  • Change and wash underwear daily.
  • Bathe shortly after waking up to reduce egg contamination.
  • Discourage nail biting and scratching anal areas.