Scarlet Fever

Scarlet Fever is a bacterial infection that produces a sore throat and a rash. It was once a serious childhood ailment, but it is quite treatable today with antibiotics.

Causes

Scarlet Fever is caused by Group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes. This type of bacteria produces a toxin that causes a rash. Scarlet Fever usually develops in conjunction with strep throat but may occur if a strep infection of the skin or a surgical wound is left untreated.

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chances of getting a disease or condition.
  • Age: 6-12 years
  • Untreated strep infection
  • Close contact with someone who has an untreated strep infection
  • Overcrowded environments, such as a daycare facility or school

Symptoms

The first signs of strep throat are:
  • A red, swollen throat
  • Fever above 101 degrees Fahrenheit
  • Swollen glands in the neck
If strep is diagnosed and treated with antibiotics, the infection usually does not progress to Scarlet Fever. If the strep infection remains untreated, symptoms of Scarlet Fever may develop. These include:
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • White or yellow coating on the tongue
  • Bright red tongue (strawberry tongue)
  • Loss of appetite
  • Abdominal pain
  • Body aches
  • Chills
  • Rash
Small red spots usually appear on the neck and chest within 12-36 hours after onset of the illness. This rash will spread quickly over the body to the abdomen, arms, and legs. There may also be flushing in the face with paleness around the mouth. Elbows, underarms, and other body crease areas may show red streaks called Pastias lines. In 7-10 days, the rash will peel off.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. The doctor will swab the back of your throat for testing. The sample may be sent to a lab for a throat culture or a rapid strep antigen test (rapid strep test) may be done in the office.

Treatment

Scarlet Fever can be treated with an antibiotic, such as penicillin.It is usually taken for about 10 days. It is important to take all the prescribed medication to prevent recurrence or complications. People with an active strep infection are usually contagious until the antibiotic has been taken for at least 24 hours.
In rare cases, untreated strep infection may cause:
  • Permanent damage to the heart and joints (rheumatic fever)
  • Permanent damage to the kidneys (glomerulonephritis)
  • Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Prevention

Steps to prevent Scarlet Fever include:
  • Get early treatment for strep infections, including strep throat
  • Do not return to school or work until you have taken your antibiotic at least 24 hours or your provider has given you approval
  • Avoid contact with people who have untreated strep infections
  • Do not share cups, utensils, towels, bed linen, or personal items with infected people
  • Wash your hands often, especially after touching someone who may have an infection