Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (or lupus) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of joints, tendons, skin and other connective tissues and organs. It causes the immune system to produce antibodies that attack the body's healthy cells and tissues.

Causes

The cause of lupus is unknown. Researchers believe it is caused by a combination of:
  • Genetic factors
  • Environmental factors, which may include:
    • Sunlight
    • Stress
  • Viral or other type of infection

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
  • Sex: female
  • Age: late teens to early 30s
  • Race: black, Native American, Asian and Hispanic

Symptoms

The symptoms of lupus vary from mild to extremely severe and debilitating. In some patients, only part of the body (for example, the skin) is affected. In others, many parts of the body are affected. Though symptoms of lupus can be chronic, they usually flare up and subside intermittently.
Common symptoms include:

  • Swollen and/or painful joints
  • Fever
  • Skin rashes over areas exposed to sunlight (especially on the nose and cheeks)
  • Extreme fatigue
Other symptoms of lupus may include:
  • Hair loss
  • Chest pain and difficulty breathing
  • Kidney inflammation
  • High blood pressure
  • Anemia or other blood disorders
  • Sensitivity to sunlight
  • Raynauds phenomena
  • Swelling around the eyes
  • Swollen glands
  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Seizures
  • Stroke
  • Inflammation of the heart, heart vessels or membrane surrounding the heart

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. The diagnosis of lupus is usually made on the basis of symptoms, especially if they appear in young women. No single test can determine if you have lupus. But a number of blood tests for specific antibodies can help confirm a diagnosis of lupus.

Treatment

Treatment of lupus depends on the your specific symptoms.
Medication
Medications for mild symptoms of lupus include:
  • Aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve joint pain
  • Hydroxychloroqiuine or quinacrine to relieve joint pain and skin rashes (Note: Regular eye exams are advised while on these medications.)
  • Topical corticosteroids for skin rashes
Medications for severe symptoms of lupus include:
  • Oral corticosteroids to control and limit inflammation
  • Immunosuppressive drugs to suppress the bodys autoimmune system

Prevention

There are no guidelines for preventing lupus because the cause is unknown.
To prevent flare-ups of symptoms:
  • Schedule regular check ups with your doctor.
  • Treat any and all infections quickly and vigorously.
  • Avoid sun exposure and wear sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors.
  • Eat a healthful diet, one that is low in saturated fat and rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
  • Limit emotional stress.
  • Get adequate rest.
  • Exercise moderately (as much as your condition allows), with your doctors permission.
  • Contact your doctor if you think a flare-up is imminent.