Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a relatively common sexually transmitted disease.

Causes

Trichomoniasis is caused by a single-celled protozoan called Trichomonas vaginalis. It is transmitted through sex.

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chances of getting a disease or condition.
  • Sex: Female
  • Age: 16-35
  • Many sexual partners
  • Sex without a condom
  • Smoking

Symptoms

Trichomoniasis may cause no symptoms, especially in men. Symptoms may include:
In women:
  • A foul smelling, greenish-yellow discharge from the vagina (often in large amounts).
  • Irritation, itching, and/or soreness in the vulva, perineum, and (less often) the thighs.
  • In severe cases, inflammation of the vulva and perineum.
  • Red spots on the vaginal walls and surface of the cervix.
In men:
  • Discharge from the penis (usually in the morning).
  • Itching and/or irritation in the urethra and (less often) the thighs.
  • Pain or discomfort when urinating.
  • Burning sensation after ejaculation.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. This may include the following:
In women:
  • Exam of vaginal walls and cervix
  • Microscopic exam of vaginal fluid or discharge
  • Pap smear test – this may indicate trichomonas, but it is not deliberately used to diagnosis the infection
In men:
  • Microscopic exam of urethral discharge (collected prior to first void in the morning)
  • Urine test

Treatment

Trichomoniasis is usually treated successfully with antibiotics. It is easily passed back and forth between sexual partners, so both should be treated, even if only one has symptoms.
The most common antibiotic used is metrinidazole. In women, one dose is usually enough. In men, the drug is usually taken for a week. Failure to treat Trichomoniasis can increase the risk of premature birth in pregnant women.
While you are on this medication:
  • Avoid sexual intercourse
  • Do not drink alcohol

Prevention

Measures to prevent Trichomoniasis include:
  • Using condoms during sexual intercourse
  • Being monogamous or limiting the number of sexual partners
  • Avoid smoking