Whiplash

Whiplash is a neck injury that includes:
  • Spraining the neck ligaments
  • Straining the neck muscles

Causes

Whiplash can occur with any sudden, violent, backward jerk of the head or neck. Common causes include:
  • Motor vehicle accidents
  • Athletic injuries
  • Falls
  • Assaults

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
  • Age: Young adults
  • Sex: Male
  • Ankylosing spondylitis (a rheumatic disease)

Symptoms

The symptoms of whiplash usually develop over the several hours following the injury. Within 24 hours of the injuring event, symptoms tend to reach their peak.
Symptoms include:
  • Stiff neck
  • Neck pain
  • Numbness or tingling
  • Shoulder pain and stiffness
  • Decreased range of neck motion
  • Muscle spasms
  • Headache
  • Pain extending down an arm

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and how the injury occurred, and perform a physical exam. Tests may include: Neck X-ray – a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures in the neck, especially bones CT Scan – a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the neck MRI Scan – a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the neck CT Myelogram – a test that uses dye to better see structures in the neck

Treatment

Treatment includes:
Restricted Activity – You may need to rest. As symptoms decrease activity can be increased.
Neck (Cervical) Collar – This is usually worn for 2-3 weeks.
Heat or Ice Packs – Talk with your doctor about using heat and ice to relieve muscle tension and pain. Wrap the heat or ice pack in a towel. Never place it directly on the skin.
Medications– These may include:
  • Pain relievers
  • Anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Muscle relaxants
Physical Therapy– Physical therapy and exercises may help strengthen neck muscles and improve neck motion.

Prevention

There are no guidelines for preventing Whiplash because it often occurs due to an unexpected event. If you have a weak neck due to another medical condition, you may need to avoid certain activities or wear a cervical collar in certain situations.